George Washington and Benjamin Franklin Essay Example for Free

George Washington and Benjamin Franklin Essay George Washington is a revered figure in history. He was the first President of the United States and one of its beloved Founding Fathers. He was â€Å"Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army upon whose victory the thirteen colonies depended to secure their separate and equal station among the powers of the earth† (Rediscovering George Washington, 2002, Introduction, para. 2). The usual facts aside, George Washington is a study of contrasting character traits, modesty and pride. Washington lived up to his legendary self with an immense awareness of who he was. In the book, Portrait of America (Oates Errico, 2003), Gordon S. Wood points that Washington’s greatest asset is his character; that he was representative of the 18th-century iconic image of a great man of virtue (Essay #10, II, para. 7 8). The eighteenth century was a very different era in many respects from the present that his personal concerns then may sound preposterous now. For example, Wood (2003) detailed that Washington was notoriously aloof in keeping with the image of a classical hero (III, para. 5), something that is bane nowadays for someone who occupies or dreams of coveting the highest office of the land. Wood (2003) exposed that Washington was very meticulous of himself especially in the company of others constantly cultivating the ideals of being a proper gentleman from his physical bearings to his personal manners(II, para. 15). He certainly considered his reputation his treasure and he protected it all his life (III, para. 6). There lies his enigma, the possession of two contrasting traits, modesty and pride. Wood (2003) further emphasized that it was his moral character that set him off from other men (II, para. 7). This moral steadfastness has served him well in tempting moments. It is worthy to know that Washington acknowledged but was quite insecure about his lack of formal education compared to his learned peers. Self-criticism impeded his actions like his refusal to travel to France finding to have a conversation through an interpreter indignant to a man of his stature, as Wood (2003, II, para. 16) pointed out. This shortcoming produced a very modest man who had the humility to surrender his powers and retreat from public life, an unprecedented act in the Western world (Wood, 2003, III, para. 2) and which only enhanced his image of greatness. Throughout history, the intoxication of power has often cultivated greed out of its possessors. Coming out of retirement and leading the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, Washington’s untarnished reputation was crucial to the ratification of the proposed Constitution. His reputation then at stake, he worked hard to have it ratified (Wood, 2003, IV, para. 1). This was the typical Washington work ethic: a concern for validation of his deliberate act in the eyes of his peers then and for the future generation. Being the President of a young nation, Wood (2003) pointed that â€Å"Washington was keenly aware that everything he did would set precedents for the future† (V, para. 1). His political contributions are still pervasive today, a testament to his leadership endurance. Wood (2003) concluded that Washington was responsible for establishing the president’s independent role and for making him a dominant figure in the government. He also set the Senate’s limited advisory role to the president in the making of treaties and the appointment of officials. Most importantly, he single-handedly institutionalized the two-term limit of the presidency that it was included in the 22nd amendment to the Constitution in 1951 (V, para. 2, 3, 7). Another outstanding Founding Father who is best known for his scientific pursuits than his understated political contribution is Benjamin Franklin. In Portrait of America (Oates Errico, 2003), Richard B. Morris (Essay #6) described Franklin at the beginning of his essay as â€Å"deceptively simple and disarmingly candid, but in reality a man of enormous complexity†. Like George Washington, Franklin was also concerned about living a virtuous life although he was a much more relaxed character than the famous general. Franklin is one who â€Å"seems made of flesh rather than of marble† (Isaacson, 2003). Both bettered themselves through purposeful self-improvement to make up for their lack of formal education. Franklin was blessed with a myriad of talents he used wisely: he was a writer, printer, entrepreneur, skilled negotiator, diplomat, scientist. He espoused such virtues of diligence, frugality, self-discipline, honesty. He loved making lists and the most significant of such is â€Å"as a young man, he made a list of personal virtues that he determined should define his life† (Isaacson, 2006). Franklin used his pen for his causes proving the commonly known expression, the pen is mightier than the sword. As a prolific writer Franklin wrote under the pseudonyms Mrs. Silence Dogood, a character that showed â€Å"the quintessential genre of American folksy humor† (Isaacson, 2006) then later showed more of his humorous side as Poor Richard Saunders for his annual almanac. Satirical writing is still in practice today especially in the criticism of public figures. His affable nature enabled him to successfully temper dissension during the heated deliberations of the proposed Constitution. He was against tyranny especially slavery despite him having black slaves in 1757. He never hesitated to promote his advocacy for freedom of the press and expression, still very much one of the prevalent rights issues in society today. References Isaacson, W. (2003, June 29). Citizen Ben’s Great Virtues. Time Magazine Online. Retrieved October 16, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www.time. com/time/2003/franklin/bffranklin. html. Morris, R. B. (2003). Meet Dr. Franklin. In Oates, S. B. , Errico, C. J. (Eds. ), Portrait of America: Volume One: To 1877 8th Edition (Essay # 6). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Rediscovering George Washington (2002). PBS. Retrieved October 16, 2006 from the World Wide Web: http://www. pbs. org/georgewashington/father/index. html. Wood, G. S. (2003). The Greatness of George Washington. In Oates, S. B. , Errico, C. J. (Eds. ), Portrait of America: Volume One: To 1877 8th Edition (Essay # 10). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Globalization and Dubai’s Tourism Industry Essays -- Dubai’s Tourism In

Dubai is one of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is located in a south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula with the largest population of 2.2 million, 15% being Emiratis and 65% south Asians. Over the decades, Dubai has shown unbelievable growth, from a small fishing town to one of the most iconic cities in the world. The growth has been based on the oil discoveries and revenue it created. (Mazza, n.d.)In the past half century, Dubai’s economy was based on fishing, pearl diving, date farming, camel rearing and sea trade. By the turn of the 20th century, Dubai was a well-off port to attract settlers from Iran and India. This resulted to a large Indian population that settled in Dubai and was particularly active in the shops. This cosmopolitan atmosphere and air of tolerance began to attract other foreigners. This paper aims to investigate ways which Dubai have used to attract globalization and develop their tourism industry. Dubai put tourism at the core of its economic development plans in order to diversify and strengthen its economy, while decreasing its dependency on fluctuating oil prices (Sharpley 2008). The plans have been successful; in 2007, non-oil revenues contributed to 63% of GDP, with Dubai contributing 29%, to the UAE’s total GDP. What is more surprising is that due to Dubai’s push to use tourism to diversify its economy, Dubai contributes over 80% of the non-oil related GDP in the UAE. Dubai is now considered one of the top tourist destinations in the world. In 2011, Dubai’s top tourist source markets outside the UAE were Saudi Arabia, India, UK, Iran, and the US. Tourism in Dubai Tourism in Dubai is an important part of the Dubai government's strategy to uphold the movem... ...trips and tourism packages, all contribute to the continuous growth of tourism industry. Tourism has also had both positive and negative impacts on Dubai. It has boosted Dubai’s economy but has brought negative impacts. The negatives are mainly cultural dilution and poor working conditions for the informal sector workers. Works Cited Brook, D. (2013). How Dubai Became Dubai. A History of Future Cities. Marketing, D. D. (2012). Dubai for Tourism . Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Mazza, G. C. (n.d.). Development of Tourism in Dubai. Retrieved 02 25, 2014, from Gastronomy and Global cities: http://laudergastronomy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Development-of-Tourism-in-Dubai_Grace-Chang-Mazza.pdf Sharpey, R. (2008). Tourism and hospitality Planning and Development. In R. Sharpley, & R. Sharpley, Planning for tourism: the case of Dubai (pp. 13-30).

Driving is Your Responsibility: Modules on Driving

Also, that a 16 year old risk of getting in car accident is higher then any other age group. If you do not have your permit, please provide the last four digits of your social security number so that your teacher can issue your drug and alcohol certificate. My last four digits are: Module 2: The Driver: Describe three aha moments that you had as you worked through Module Two. 1 . That we have two different type of vision central and peripheral. 2. â€Å"Aim high and look ahead, don't look down† This is important because we can spot curves from far 3.When I found out you must have a optimistic attitude to drive but not too pessimistic cause if you're to optimistic you can be a bad driver. How will this information affect you as a driver now and in the future? (2-3 sentences) This information will affect me as a driver because if I follow these rules I can be a good driver. If I don't follow these rules I can cause serious accident that may result in my death or someone else dea th. Module 3: Natural Forces Affecting the Driver 2. Inertia- When a object is at rest it will remain at rest.While an object in motion will remain in motion in the same direction unless a force touch it. 3. Potential Energy- Its energy an object already has in it self. 4. Kinetic Energy- The energy made while an object is in motion. 5. Friction-Its the restraint between the movement of two surface in contact. 6. Traction- Traction is always affected by friction someway somehow. 7. Centrifugal Force- The opposite of centripetal force. It doesn't seek to be in the middle. It also increase a person acceleration. 8. Centripetal Force-Its a force that seeks to be in the middle. 10. Force of impact- Is the force made when objects meet.Module 4: Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings 1. Explain the purpose of the following A. The difference between solid and broken lines is: In a solid line you can not pass over it while on a broken line you may pass over it. B. Yellow lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow: The yellow line indicates where the center of a two way traffic is at. You may cross over a broken yellow line but you can't cross a solid yellow line. C. White lines (broken or solid) indicate what type of traffic flow:White lines tells you which way traffic is traveling in your direction. 2.Observe and describe the different signs in YOUR city. Give specific examples of each (include color, shape, what the sign is for, etc. ). A. A regulatory sign: A speed limit of 35. Its a white rectangular shape sign. B. A motorist services sign: A hospital sign. It's a blue square sign with a capital H in the middle. C. A recreational sign: A recreational sign is brown and rectangular. A sign indicating to the Florida everglades. D. A sign that you know what it means because of its shape: A triangle sign is telling you to yield. 3. Explain 3 interesting or important facts from Module 3 and 4.A. An interesting wing I learn is that driving and physics are int erconnected. 8. 1 realize that the shapes and colors off sign tells you a lot about its meaning. C. An important fact I learn is that you can always drive over a broken but never a solid line unless there is hazard in the way. Module 5: Laws and Rules of the Road Create a car saying (Bumper Sticker) or a Road Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an example off bumper sticker from a former student: the right speed is always a good deed. Enjoy your ride and don't collide! 1 . What would yours say? Don't be afraid to cease. Drive with ease. 2. How would it look? It would be on a neon green rectangular sticker with the saying in big bold black letters. 3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. I thought this would make a great bumper sticker because it's a very catchy phrase. When somebody read it. It will stay in their mind because its simple and catchy.This phrase summarizes this doodle because when driving you must remember all the laws and regulations the state of Florida may have. A driver can't be afraid to slow down or stop while driving when it is necessary. Plus a good driver must drive with ease meaning he has to drive with confidence. Module 6: Effects of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you might find yourself in a dangerous driving situation because of drugs, alcohol, or extreme drowsiness due to medication. Talk to a parent or guardian about what they would like for you to do if you find yourself in this situation.Answer the following questions in one or more complete sentences. . Explain three ways you can get home safely, without getting behind the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. Let a friend who is sober give you a ride home. B. Call a taxi to take you to your destination. C. Call your mom and/or dad to pick you up eve n if you may face consequences its better then driving home intoxicated. 2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel. A. Take away their car keys and drive them home. B.Call his/her parents to pick him/her up. C. Use public transportation. 3. What would your parent/guardian want you to do? My parents would rather me to contact them to pick me up from my destination. They rather pick me up intoxicated then get a phone call from the police saying I kill somebody or myself because I was drinking and driving. 4. Look up and list the number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the company name and telephone number. Module 7: Collision Costs and Preventions There are many costs associated with owning and driving a car. The purchase of a car is only the beginning.There are maintenance costs, fees, tolls, taxes, fuel and insurance. For the next few question s, you will explore these costs by talking to a parent or guardian about your driving responsibilities. 1. Will I have a vehicle of my own to drive, or will I share? My vehicle would be shared with my parents. 2. Who will pay for the insurance and gas? My parents would pay for my car insurance and gas until I get a Job. 3. Contact your family car insurance company to obtain a cost estimate. How much will you be expected to pay monthly or annually? My parents would be expected to pay 175. 3 a month. . If you drive 50 miles each week and your car gets 25 miles to the gallon with gas costing $4. 00 per gallon, how much gas will you have to buy? I would pay $8. 00 a week. 5. If you get paid $8. 00 per hour at your Job and insurance is $200 a month, how many hours will you have to work to pay for insurance? I would have to work 25 hours. 6. Will your parents set restrictions on your driving such as the hours of the day you can drive or how many passengers you can have in the car? If so, please include restrictions. My restrictions would be that I'm allowed to drive am to pm.Plus I'm to allowed to have friends in my car. 7. Will your parents allow you to drive to school, work, on major highways, how far from home can you drive? Please include where you will be allowed to drive. I would be able to drive to school and work when I do get Job. 8. Never text and drive! Discuss with your parents the use of your cell phone when driving. Explain to them the one situation when it would be appropriate to talk on your cell phone. Then write the situation you spoke with them about. It would be appropriate to talk to my parents when I am park. Never answer my phone when I'm riving.Module 8: Substance Abuse Choose one option to complete your 5-8 sentence paragraph in this section. Imagine a close friend is planning to go out and celebrate this weekend. You know your friend intends to drink and may experiment with drugs. You are not only concerned for her well-being but also worri ed that she might get behind the wheel and drive. Using the information you learned in module 8, write a paragraph persuading your friend to make safe choices. List at least 3 dangers she may face and 2 alternatives for her to safely and legally enjoy the celebration. Dear Friend,

The Effects Of Schizoaffective Disorder On Mental Illness

Mental disorders are a very serious condition that can cause suicide, family/friend problems, and even social complication. Schizoaffective disorder is an extremely dangerous and sometimes harmful disease. Often times a mental disease is not cause by dropping someone on their head but, what they are fed, how they are treated, and their social life. Most often the best cure for a mental disease is not medical treatment: it is how others treat and talk to them. The disease is very uncommon with only .3% or 21.4 million at risk, not all will get the disease. Some symptoms of Schizoaffective disorder include; hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, depression, manic behavior, isolation, bi-polar, and some we will discuss later†¦show more content†¦10-15% end up committing suicide to be exact (Long, Phillip). Daniel, a 21 year old is a great example of what living with Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective Disorder is like. He was doing well in college 6 months ago when the wh ole episode started. While in class, Daniel started to become more and more paranoid every day that his professors were out to get him. Ended up, he dropped out and got a job. Daniel stopped bathing, shaving, and washing clothes which is a sign of Schizoaffective disorder because of the lack of care for hygiene. Just like in college, he became convinced that his boss was out to get him and placed cameras everywhere so naturally, he started smashing all of the electronics in his workplace. His boss called the police and upon arrival, he was taken to a mental hospital. (Schizophrenia). Another, more enlightening story with a little better ending is from Jonny Benjamin. Jonny was diagnosed at age 20, 14 years ago. He visited the doctor when he started having very intrusive thoughts, paranoia, and always felt very lonely. Jonny stated that most people who have schizophrenia are not violent or dangerous and yet this is the only thing the public seem to be constantly told about the condi tion... (Benjamin, Jonny). Which leads me into the next topic. Society is often a big influence whether it be the way you act, the way you dress, or even what you think about. A comment to

The Toughest Decision of My Life Essay - 977 Words

The Toughest Decision of My Life People are often asked the question, â€Å"If I could go back in time, what would I change?† But have you ever really thought about the answer to that question? What would you change or what would you keep the same? Accius, a character from Medea, said, â€Å"Change rules all things.† (II 118) I never realized how true this would be. When I look back in life, there are many things that I would change, but there is one decision that I am very thankful that I made. That was the decision to continue living with my grandparents and not to move in with my mother. It was a normal afternoon after school when I returned to my house after a busy day in sixth grade. My grandfather was busy†¦show more content†¦Also, living with my mother would make me have to leave my grandparents. I had been with them for thirteen years of my life and I couldn’t stand hurting them by just up and leaving the first time my mother asked me to. They had given up their happiness to provide and care for me and now I was just going to leave? They loved me and I loved them too much for that. Finally, through the years my mother and I had seemed to grow apart from each other. She had lived out of town for the duration of my life and I honestly didn’t really know that much about her. I had no idea what she liked, what she didn’t like, or how to act around her. Would we have anything in common? If we did, what would it be? I didn’t know what to think. If you look at it on other hand, it could be chance for me to get to know her and bond with her. But was I ready for that? On the other hand, I could stay where I was. I had been there thirteen years and it had worked out just fine for me, so why should I move away? I just sat and remembered all the times I had spent with my grandparents, baking cookies at Christmas for Santa, or going hunting and fishing with my granddad for the very first time. And then I tried to think of memories that I had with my mother †¦ and there were none. Also, through thirteen years of school I had grown very close to my friendsShow MoreRelatedHow I Changed My Life864 Words   |  4 PagesI coincidentally changed my mind. It was the day that we were in touch. As unexpected as it felt for you it felt just as unexpected for me. We recalled how the timing just seemed so crazy. Who would have known? I kept thinking of â€Å"school and work†. I kept thinking of how I seemed content. I even thought about how I didn’t plan to even date anytime soon. Little did I know I was wrong. It’s funny how that worked out. The timing was during one of the toughest times of my life. For a while I was unableRead MoreMy Life After My Family889 Words   |  4 Pagesfour years old when my life started to go through tough situations in my life. My parents started to have problems all the time because my father was cheating on my mother. 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Carney And Rosomoff s The Shadow Of Slavery - 1587 Words

Carney and Rosomoff’s In the Shadow of Slavery is a historical account of the role foodstuff, both botanical and animal, from Africa played in the Columbian Exchange. The book begins by discussing Africa’s agricultural history and trade with the Old World. It continues with the need for food during the Atlantic slave trade, how African plants came to the New World, and who was responsible for the planting and care of African plants. Carney and Rosomoff deal primarily with the time period in which the Atlantic slave trade occurred, though they do discuss African agricultural history as far back as 10,500 B. P. They focus on the Columbian exchange on the West Coast of Africa and Latin America. The point Carney and Rosomoff are trying†¦show more content†¦The expansion of Islam allowed for the spread of item like coffee and sorghum the Middle East as well as Muslim Spain. African plants like finger millet, tamarind, okra, and castor beans made their way to So uth Asia via two trade routes, one connecting the â€Å"Ethiopian Highlands and the Horn of Africa† and the other connecting the East African Highlands to Zanj.† (Carney, 33) The banana, of Southeast Asian origin, arrived in Africa and became a food staple in African farming. African foods were vital to the support and continuation of the African slave trade. The slave trade created an incredible demand for food both on the West coast of Africa and on the slave ships bound for the Americas. Slaves had to be fed from the time they were captured to the time they arrived at the destination. The food brought from Europe was not suitable for the conditions in tropical Africa. The food necessary to provide for the enslaved, this included plants and live animals, on board the ships was grown and bought in Africa. Significantly, locations of known food supplies along the coast came to be identified by the food available in that location, for example the Rice Coast. The rise in demand for slaves caused the populations of slaves and traders along the West coast of Africa to grow, which increased the demand for food. As a result

UK and China System of Secondary School Comparison and Contrast

Question: Describe about the secondary school comparison and contrast of UK and China system. Answer: Introduction The England system of the secondary education, it is comprehensive, and it has a high growth exponentially. [1]Their education system is global, and their students are representative of the cross section of the Great Britain young populations, with a broad range of the abilities. A lot of the state schools are regarded as the special schools. They majorly focus to one or two areas of the curriculum. (Echevaria, Short and Powers, 2006)Thus, where a child is gifted in subject like the math, science, and the music they tend to choose their secondary school accordingly depending on their ability and interest. In the year 2010, the specialist schools received a designation from the government of the UK and extra funding to go on with their new status. In China the system of the secondary school is less complex as comparison to the England. There are public schools in each level. Nonetheless, the private schools are more regulated by the government to check on the quality of the education that is offered. Generally there is one system. There is a compulsory education that comprises of nine years, after which a student can stop the school but most go on with the education. (Cummings, 1999)As compared to the old days the education system was designed for exam purposes. In the current times the system has completely being changed so as to advocate for the quality of the education. This system has enabled the students to develop on every field and new classes have come up that enable students take part in rather than, read books all the day. The education in the secondary school is important for China and UK. The major purpose of this system is for the childrens future. (Cummings, 1999)Comparing China to the Englands current status secondary education they have more tradition, and the quality is much higher. The system of the school in China are borrowing from other of the countries since their quality is not as good as UK. [2]Despite these, there are some similarities and some differences that exist between these education systems. Some of similar components that exists between the two countries are; the education system is free, and the national application of the academic curriculum to all the school in the states. (Kempler,Teng, Dick, Taussig and Davis, 1998)The difference is the knowledge structure, the qualities of the system, and the law imposed on the private schools. On this essay, it will show the similarities and the differences that exist between the education system in UK and China. [3]It will show examples and evaluations of these differences and the similarities on the system. Besides, there will be a summary of the points that are highlighted between the two countries secondary education systems. Both of these countries have some similarities and the differences in the system of the secondary education. One of the similarity is that the education system is free in both of the countries to all the children, but nonetheless, it is important to note that it is not compulsory in China after the ninth year. (Echevaria, Short and Powers, 2006) Meanwhile, the English children they are entitled by the law to acquire the free education until they reach the age of 16 years. Moreover, the national curriculum that is used in both the countries is applied to all state schools. To another similarity is on the national tests are usually administered to all the students at the age of eleven, fourteen and sixteen years of age in both of the countries. To cater for the secondary education in UK is usually the duty of the Authorities in the local education. (Echevaria, Short and Powers, 2006)They cater for the education, and the employment of teachers. On other hand in China country, it is the role of the state who are responsible for the education in the secondary school education. Some differences also exist between the two countries; some of these differences are on the structure of the education, the facilities they have and the education quality. On point of the education structure, China secondary school is mainly divided into 2 phases. (Echevaria, Short and Powers, 2006)These phases are basically the juniors and the seniors. Essentially the students who graduate from the primary school choose on the junior middle school and take the entrance exams of the school they choose. In the event of passing they enter to the school of choice, and study, read, and learn the foreign languages. This stage is the compulsory for the education. On contrast, the school system in England comprises of three key stages. On the first stage starts from the seven year to the year nine. The second stage is from the ten year to eleventh year which are very compulsory. [4]After the student completes eleventh year they have the option to leave the school or they can complete the two remaining levels so as to study at the higher education. On the aspect of the quality of the secondary school in the England and the China, UK has a better quality of the education than the other country.(Cummings, 1999) The UK has more develop infrastructure as compared to China. The government of UK has invested heavily in the infrastructure to provide education that is high quality. In the UK they have introduced the specialist school in which the children can choose depending on their passion, and abilities. The government has also provided the funding for these schools. In contrast, China does not have such kind of schools as the England; but they have various activities in the school for the students to choose. On the last difference that exists between the two countries is on the aspect of the law system. In China, some rules are set so as to allow the private schools for both the primary and the secondary school. (Echevaria, Short and Powers, 2006) On the other hand in England, the private schools that are permitted are usually inspected by LEAs for the quality purposes. Conclusion This paper has elaborated on the differences and the similarities that exists to the two countries China and UK. [5]Some of the similarities that exists in the system are; the free education offered by the state, and the school applies a single national curriculum to all the schools of the states. While, on the differences there were aspects of the quality of the education system, the structure of the education and the system of the law in both of the countries. Nonetheless, it is important to note that in both of the countries try as much as possible to offer education that is of high quality and affordable to the children. Studying in the UK can be a good choice for a student wishing to study at abroad. Besides, the education system in the two countries have some advantages and disadvantages. Thus there is need for the exchanges of the knowledge in both of the countries. References Bray, M., Adamson, B. and Mason, M. (Eds). 2014. Comparative education research: Approaches and methods (Vol. 19). Springer. Cummings, W. K. 1999. The institutions of education: Compare, compare, compare!. Comparative educationi review, pp. 43(4), pp.413-437. Echevaria, J., Short, D. and Powers, K. 2006. School reform and standards-based education: A model for English-language learners. The Journal of Educational Research, pp. 99(4), pp.195-211. Kempler, D., Teng, E.L., Dick, M., Taussig, I.M. and Davis, D.S. 1998. 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